---
created: 2022-09-15T19:33:06.000Z
modified: 2026-01-29T00:47:33.629Z
cosense_id: 63237def5f5af7001dc9eaa1
cosense_views: 136
source: cosense
title: 直接編集
title_locale:
  en: Direct Manipulation
visibility: public
content_id: t0v6roAcFULWW331H7oGz
aliases:
  - direct manipulatable
---

>  Definition: Direct manipulation (DM) is an interaction style in which users act on displayed objects of interest using physical, incremental, reversible actions whose effects are immediately visible on the screen.
> *[Direct Manipulation: Definition | Nielsen Norman Group](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/direct-manipulation/)*

[Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages](https://www.cs.umd.edu/users/ben/papers/Shneiderman1983Direct.pdf)


[[Tweak]]

- Shneiderman's principle of direct manipulation
  1. Continuous Representation of objects of interest
  2. Physical actions (movement and selection by mouse, joystick, touch screen, etc.) or labeled button presses instead of complex syntax.
  - Rapid, incremental, reversible operations whose impact on the object of interest is immediately visible.
  - Layered or spiral approach to learning that permits usage with minimal knowledge. Novices can learn a modest and useful set of commands, which they can exercise till they become ann “expert" at level 1 of the system. After obtaining reinforcing feedback from successful operation, users can gracefully expand their knowledge of features and gain fluency.